Effect of VIT1/VIT2 overexpression on Fe and Cd accumulation in rice endosperm / 生物工程学报

Iron (Fe) deficiency and excess cadmium (Cd) in rice grain are important problems to be solved in agricultural production. Previous studies have shown that OsVIT1 and OsVIT2 are vacuolar iron transporters. In this study, wild-type ZH11 was selected as the background material and OsVIT1 and OsVIT2 were overexpressed in endosperm by using endosperm specific promoter Glb-1. Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of OsVIT1 and OsVIT2 overexpression on Fe and Cd accumulation in different parts of rice. The results showed that OsVIT1 overexpression in endosperm significantly reduced Fe content in grain by about 50%, while significantly increased zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) contents in straw and Cu content in grain. OsVIT2 overexpression in endosperm significantly decreased Fe and Cd contents in grain by about 50%, and significantly increased Fe content in straw by 45%-120%. Overexpression of OsVIT1 and OsVIT2 in endosperm did not affect the agronomic traits of rice. In conclusion, OsVIT1 and OsVIT2 overexpression in endosperm reduced Fe accumulation in rice grain, which did not achieve the expected effect. OsVIT2 overexpression in endosperm also decreased Cd accumulation in grain and increased Fe accumulation in straw, which provided reference for iron biofortification and cadmium reduction in rice.

Grape Seed Extract Attenuates Demyelination in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice by Inhibiting Inflammatory Response of Immune Cells / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To examine the anti-inflammatory effect of grape seed extract (GSE) in animal and cellular models and explore its mechanism of action.@*METHODS@#This study determined the inhibitory effect of GSE on macrophage inflammation and Th1 and Th17 polarization in vitro. Based on the in vitro results, the effects and mechanisms of GSE on multiple sclerosis (MS)-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice model were further explored. The C57BL/6 mice were intragastrically administered with 50 mg/kg of GSE once a day from the 3rd day to the 27th day after immunization. The activation of microglia, the polarization of Th1 and Th17 and the inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β), IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreted by them were detected in vitro and in vivo by flow cytometry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence staining and Western blot, respectively.@*RESULTS@#GSE reduced the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-6 in bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (P<0.01), inhibited the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 and IFN-γ in spleen cells of EAE mice immunized for 9 days (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and reduced the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 mediated by CD3 and CD28 factors (P<0.01). GSE significantly improved the clinical symptoms of EAE mice, and inhibited spinal cord demyelination and inflammatory cell infiltration. Peripherally, GSE downregulated the expression of toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCKII, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors (P<0.01 or P<0.05). In the central nervous system, GSE inhibited the infiltration of CD45+CD11b+ and CD45+CD4+ cells, and weakened the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 (P<0.05). Moreover, it reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors (P<0.01), and prevented the activation of microglia (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#GSE had a beneficial effect on the pathogenesis and progression of EAE by inhibiting inflammatory response as a potential drug and strategy for the treatment of MS.

Anti-hemorrhoidal activity of Lian-Zhi-San, a traditional Chinese medicine, in an experimental hemorrhoidal model in rats / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Hemorrhoidal disease (HD) is the most common proctological disease, with an estimated prevalence rate of 4.4%, and a peak in individuals between 45 and 65 years of age. This study was done to evaluate whether Lian-Zhi-San (LZS), a clinically used anti-hemorrhoidal ointment could alleviate the inflammatory injury, with its associated changes of inflammatory cytokines and morphology of anorectal tissues, in an experimental model of HD in rats.@*METHODS@#HD was induced by croton oil preparation (COP) applied to the anorectal region. Rats were then treated with cotton swabs soaked in LZS ointment, water or white vaseline, twice a day for 7 d. At the end of the experiment, HD was evaluated by measuring hemorrhoidal and biochemical parameters along with histopathological observations.@*RESULTS@#In this study, COP induced a significant increase in the macroscopic severity score, anorectal coefficient and Evans blue extravasation, compared to normal rats. Additionally, it greatly enhanced the expression and secretion levels of some important inflammation-related cytokines along with marked histological damage, compared to normal rats. Rats treated with LZS ointment experienced significantly ameliorated Evans blue extravasation (P < 0.05), decreased macroscopic severity score (0.86 ± 0.14 vs. 1.65 ± 0.16) and the anorectal coefficient (P < 0.01); its use also attenuated tissue damage and inhibited the expression and secretion levels of inflammation-related cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α).@*CONCLUSION@#This study validates a preliminary understanding of the use of LZS ointment to treat inflammatory factors and tissue damage in an experimental model of HD in rats.

Development and internal validation of China mortality prediction model in trauma based on ICD-10-CM lexicon: CMPMIT-ICD10 / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Models to predict mortality in trauma play an important role in outcome prediction and severity adjustment, which informs trauma quality assessment and research. Hospitals in China typically use the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) to describe injury. However, there is no suitable prediction model for China. This study attempts to develop a new mortality prediction model based on the ICD-10-CM lexicon and a Chinese database.@*METHODS@#This retrospective study extracted the data of all trauma patients admitted to the Beijing Red Cross Emergency Center, from January 2012 to July 2018 (n = 40,205). We used relevant predictive variables to establish a prediction model following logistic regression analysis. The performance of the model was assessed based on discrimination and calibration. The bootstrapping method was used for internal validation and adjustment of model performance.@*RESULTS@#Sex, age, new region-severity codes, comorbidities, traumatic shock, and coma were finally included in the new model as key predictors of mortality. Among them, coma and traumatic shock had the highest scores in the model. The discrimination and calibration of this model were significant, and the internal validation performance was good. The values of the area under the curve and Brier score for the new model were 0.9640 and 0.0177, respectively; after adjustment of the bootstrapping method, they were 0.9630 and 0.0178, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The new model (China Mortality Prediction Model in Trauma based on the ICD-10-CM lexicon) showed great discrimination and calibration, and performed well in internal validation; it should be further verified externally.

Trends and characteristics in pre-hospital emergency care in Beijing from 2008 to 2017 / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#We aimed to describe and analyze the pre-hospital emergency medical service (EMS) in Beijing and provide information for the government and medical institutions to optimize EMS.@*METHODS@#We collected all pre-hospital emergency data in Beijing from 2008 to 2017. The chief complaint in each case was classified according to the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS). The sites' administrative districts were determined through geo-encoding of addresses and then classified into four functional regions. We analyzed the demand for EMS, emergency response times (ERT), and disease spectrum for Beijing as a whole, and for each functional region.@*RESULTS@#A total of 4,192,870 pre-hospital EMS cases met the inclusion criteria, with a significant increase (P < 0.001) of 51.60% from 2008 to 2017. EMS demand was positively associated with population (r = 0.946, P < 0.001). The pre-hospital EMS demand rate was 1907.05 in 2008 and 2172.23 in 2017 per 100,000, with no significant change (P = 0.57). ERT increased significantly (P = 0.001), from 19.18 min in 2008 to 24.51 min in 2016. According to MPDS classifications, the demand for pre-hospital care increased for 14 diseases, remained stable for 19, and decreased for only 1 disease. Cases of injury-related disease increased significantly from approximately 90,000 in 2017, accounting for 20% of all pre-hospital EMS cases, and the demand rate decreased in the core region but increased in the sub-urban regions. Cases of heart problems and stroke/transient ischemic attack also increased significantly in the four functional regions, with the highest demand rate in the Core Functional Region.@*CONCLUSIONS@#More resources and effort should be devoted to pre-hospital EMS according to the increased pre-hospital EMS demand and prolonged ERT in Beijing over our 10-year study period. Changes in disease spectrum and differences between functional regions should also be considered.

Historical Evolution and Modern Research on Shaoyao Gancaotang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Shaoyao Gancaotang, first seen in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases, is composed of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle in equal proportion.It has the functions of preserving Yin to nourish blood, harmonizing liver and spleen, relieving spasm and pain.This formula is applied in leg and foot spasm and abdominal pain caused by blood deficiency, body fluid consuming and the unmoistened muscles and veins.It has been highly praised and used by medical experts throughout the ages and has extended its application scope.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Shaoyao Gancaotang has significant effects in antispasmodic, analgesic, antitussive and other areas, and is used to treat spastic diseases, painful diseases, inflammatory diseases and so on.This paper will systematically elaborate the historical evolution, compatibility analysis, pharmacological and pharmacodynamic studies, modern clinical application of Shaoyao Gancaotang, in order to provide theoretical basis and reference for the development of this famous classical formula.

Application of multidisciplinary team (MDT) in the treatment of severe trauma / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of multi-disciplinary team (MDT) in general hospitals on severe trauma patients.@*METHODS@#This study reviewed the treatment of patients with severe trauma in trauma center of Peking University People's Hospital from March 2017 to April 2019. The baseline information: the patients' gender, age, injury mechanism, etc.; the start indicators: the Glasgow coma scale (GCS), trauma index (TI), injury severity score (ISS); the start related indicators: time for activation, time for MDT to arrive, time for CT scan, time for damage control surgery; patient treatment and prognosis: ICU (intensive care unit) length of stay, number of cured and discharged patients, number of dead cases, number of patients transferred to rehabilitation hospital, were all analyzed. It discussed the composition of MDT, the initiation scheme, the indicators of initiation of MDT for severe trauma, and analyzed the correlation between the application of MDT and the prognosis of patients.@*RESULTS@#From March 2017 to April 2019, 112 trauma patients were treated by MDT in Peking University People's Hospital. There were 69 males and 43 females. The minimum age was 15 years, the maximum age was 89 years, most of them were 36-55 years old. The main injury mechanism was traffic accident injury. The GCS, TI, ISS were 13.0±2.9, 13.0±2.8, and 21.5±11.9, respectively. It took 3.7±0.8 minutes to start the call, 6.1±0.9 minutes for MDT personnel to arrive at the emergency rescue area, 23.8±3.0 minutes for fast CT and 92.6±15.4 minutes for injury control operation. All the hospitalized patients were treated effectively. ICU (Intensive care unit) hospitalization time was 12.6±6.7 days. 55 discharged patients were cured, 5 died (1 died of hemorrhagic shock, 4 died of severe brain injury) and 52 transferred to rehabilitation hospital.@*CONCLUSION@#The treatment of severe trauma patients by MDT in trauma center of general hospitals can greatly improve the ability and level of treatment of severe trauma patients, make up for the lack of treatment of severe trauma especially multiple trauma patients in large general hospitals, and improve the treatment effect of severe trauma patients. It provides a reference model for large general hospitals to treat patients with severe trauma and multiple trauma and for the construction of trauma centers.

Observation on therapeutic effect of " acupuncture" on premature ovarian insufficiency of kidney deficiency / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical efficacy of " acupuncture" and oral estradiol and dydrogesterone tablets (femoston) on premature ovarian insufficiency of kidney deficiency.@*METHODS@#A total of 50 patients with premature ovarian insufficiency of kidney deficiency were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 25 cases in each one.In the observation group, " acupuncture" was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Zhongwan (CV 12), Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6), Zhongji (CV 3), Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Yaoshu (GV 2), Mingmen (GV 4), etc. once every 2 days, 1 month as a course. In the control group, femoston was prescribed for oral administration, one tablet per time, once a day, 1 month as a course. Both of the two groups were given consecutive treatment for 3 courses. Before and after treatment, the clinical symptoms, menstrual improvement as well as the changes of estradiol (E), luteotrophic hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in serum were observed in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the clinical symptoms and menstrual conditions were improved (<0.01), the levels of FSH and LH were significantly reduced (<0.01), and the levels of E were significantly increased in the two groups (<0.01). There were no significant difference in menstrual improvement rate and menstrual improvement time between the observation group and the control group (<0.05), the recurrence rate of menopause and clinical symptom score improvement in the observation group were superior to the control group (<0.05). In the observation group, the level of E in serum was lower and the levels of FSH and LH in serum were significantly lower than those in the control group (<0.05, <0.01). In the observation group, the rate of adverse reaction was 4.0% (1/25), which was lower than 36.0% (9/25) in the control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#" acupuncture" has better therapeutic effect for premature ovarian insufficiency of kidney deficiency. It is superior to femoston in improving clinical symptoms and recurrence rate of menopause as well as reducing the levels of FSH and LH.

Neuroprotective Mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang (BYHWT) on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) at different stages. Method:The 36 female C57BL/6 mice were immunized subcutaneously with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptides (MOG35-55),then randomly divided into 9, 17, 28 d EAE control group. Each BYHWT group was orally given drugs on the 3rd day after immunization (50 g·kg-1·d-1), and EAE control group was given the same volume of normal saline in the same way once a day for 9, 17 and 28 d after immunization. The effect of BYHWT on EAE mice was observed with internationally accepted clinical score. Brain and spinal cord specimens were collected at 9, 17 and 28 d after immunization. The neuroprotective effect of BYHWT was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and solid blue staining (LFB). The expressions of BDNF and GAP-43 in spinal cord and brain were detected by Western blot. Result:After treatment, BYHWT can significantly inhibit myelitis cell infiltration and alleviate myelin loss. Compared with EAE group, the expression of Nogo-A in the spinal cord of each BYHWT group was significantly down-regulated (PPPPConclusion:BYHWT can improve the local nerve growth microenvironment and promote the expression of NTFs, reduce the expressions of neuroinhibitory factors, and play a role in neuroprotection.

Proximal femoral nails antirotation and dynamic hip screws for fixation of unstable intertrochanteric fractures of femur: A meta-analysis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and dynamic hip screw (DHS) for unstable intertrochanteric fractures using meta-analysis.@*METHODS@#The PubMed, Embase, Cocharane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, China Science and Technology Papers and Citation Database (CSTPCD) and China Journal Full-text Database (CNKI) were searched for published randomized controlled trials before January 1, 2019. Two researchers independently screened the literature in the light of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluated the quality of the studies and extracted the data which were consisted of clinical efficacy indexes, such as incision length, operation time,intraoperative blood loss, weight-bearing time,fracture-healing time, Harris hip score and safety indicators like complications. Meta-analysis was performed with the Revman 5.3 software provided by Cochrane Community in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) standard.@*RESULTS@#Nine randomized controlled trials met the requirement with a total of 779 patients, of whom 383 were fixed with PFNA and 396 with DHS. Meta-analysis demonstrated that PFNA was associated with smaller surgical incision length [MD=-7.43, 95%CI (-9.31, -5.55), P<0.05], shorter operation time [MD=-22.76, 95%CI (-29.57, -11.95), P<0.05], less intraoperative blood loss [MD=-216.34, 95%CI (-275.18, - 157.49), P<0.05], earlier weight bearing after surgery [MD=-12.34, 95%CI (-17.71, -6.97), P<0.05], shorter fracture healing time [MD=-5.00, 95%CI (-7.73, -2.26), P<0.05], higher postoperative Harris hip score [MD=12.22, 95%CI (3.88, 20.55), P<0.05], higher rate of excellent Harris hip score [OR=3.56, 95%CI (1.44, 8.81), P<0.05] and lower incidence rate of postoperative complications [OR=0.48, 95%CI (0.33, 0.70), P<0.05], such as hip varus, wound infection, urinary tract infection, pulmonary infection, pressure sore, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, heart failure and cerebral infraction when compared with DHS. No statistical difference was shown between the groups when it came to subgroup analysis by age. However, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the duration of hospitalization and the complications resulting in the occurrences of internal fixation loosening, such as femoral shaft fracture (during or post operation), internal fixation fracture, cut-out, displacement or retraction.@*CONCLUSION@#Current published evidence supports the superiority of PFNA to DHS for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in terms of clinical efficacy. The conclusion was limited because of the relatively low quality of evidence with low strength of confidence. Large scale and high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to validate the safety of PFNA and DHS for unstable intertrochanteric fractures.

Correlation analysis between rotator cuff tear and the superior migration of humeral head / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the association between rotator cuff tear and the proximal migration of humeral head.@*METHODS@#In this research, we retrospectively selected 30 patients with unilateral rotator cuff tear in Peking University People's Hospital from September 2015 to May 2016, who received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray of the painful shoulder before enrollment in this study, the duration between the two examinations was no longer than 1 week, and also there was no past history of surgery in the selected shoulders. There was no other exclusion criteria. Upward migration index (UMI) was the ratio between the distance of humeral head center to the lower surface of acromion, and the radius of humeral head circle, which could help to minimize the effect of anatomy difference and imaging magnification, compared with the traditional acromiohumeral distance (AHD). Then we introduced this index to stratify the selected 30 patients into 3 groups, and each group contained 10 patients, UMI of group 1 was >1 and ≤1.2, UMI of group 2 was >1.2 and ≤1.4, UMI of group 3 was >1.4. As the supraspinatus was most commonly affected by pathological change among the four rotator cuff tendons, we took it as the research object. Then we used the Spearman correlation analysis to evaluate the relationship between UMI and fatty degeneration, rotator cuff tear size and the thickness of ruptured supraspinatus tendon from X-ray and MRI.@*RESULTS@#In the A-P view, the average UMI was 1.33 (1.02-1.51, SD: ±0.22). UMI and the tear size had a significant negative correlation (R=-0.584, P<0.01), and also there was a negative correlation between the fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus (R=-0.312, P=0.033). However, there was no correlation between UMI and the thickness of ruptured supraspinatus (R=0.127, P=0.071).@*CONCLUSION@#UMI is related with the fatty degeneration of supraspinatus and the tear size. The reduction of UMI is a predictable and reliable mark of rotator cuff tear and degeneration in clinic. Physicians can use physical examination and X-ray first when facing the patients with shoulder pain, which is convenient and helpful for evaluating rotator cuff tears.

The effects of catechin on inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide in BV-2 cells / 药学学报

The effects of catechin on inflammatory response of BV-2 cells were investigated using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model. BV-2 cells were incubated with LPS (1 mg·L-1) for 12 h in the microglia inflammatory model in vitro. After catechin and LPS co-incubation for 12 h, MTT, ELISA and Western blot were used to detect cell viability, cytokines, cell migration and protein expression. In addition, transwell assay was conducted to investigate the effect of catechin on cell chemokaxis. Catechin did not show any cytotoxicity effect on BV-2 cells, but reversed the change in cell morphology and inhibited the release of TNF-α and IL-1β, cell chemotaxis and phosphorylation of NF-κB/p65. In conclusion, Catechin could inhibit the LPS-induced inflammatory response in BV-2 cells.

Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:A Meta-analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To evaluate the effect of high intensity interval training(HIIT)on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods Published articles from the earliest date available to September the first,2016 were recalled from PubMed,Em-base,Cochrane Library,EBSCO,Web of Science,CNKI and CBM Database.Two reviewers selected indepen-dently the randomized controlled trials(RCTs)about HIIT for patients with T2DM,and extracted data indepen-dently and analyzed with RevMan 5.3. Results Eight trials that represented 275 participants were evaluated.HIIT could significantly improve glycated hemo-globin(SMD=-0.72,95%CI-1.39~-0.04,P=0.04)and body mass index(MD=-0.60,95%CI-1.03~-0.18,P=0.005)more than the control group,but no difference was found in the levels of fasting blood-glucose,fasting in-sulin,insulin resistance,and indexes of blood fat,body mass,body fat mass and waist circumference(P>0.05). Conclusion There is no evidence showed that HIIT is more effective on blood glucose,blood fat and body composition in the patients with T2DM,which needs further research.

Application and optimization of field psychological emergency rescue chest / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To optimize the design of the field psychological emergency rescue chest.Methods The deficiencies of the chest were summarized during the drilling and actual application of the psychological rescue unit,and some optimization countermeasures were put forward accordingly.Results The chest was optimized from the aspects of selection of chest body, internal and external layout as well as equipped devices.Conclusion The optimized chest can better meet the needs of the disaster emergency rescue.

Acupuncture treatment for urinary retention following spinal cord injury:a Meta-analysis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Acupuncture is a common treatment for urinary retention after spinal cord injury. It has been widely used in the clinical treatment of urinary retention after spinal cord injury due to its small side effects and simple operation. However, there is a lack of evidence-based medicine. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of acupuncture for urinary retention in patients with spinal cord injury by a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval of CBM, CNKI, WanFang, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was performed. The keywords were "spinal cord injury, neurogenic bladder, acupuncture" in English and Chinese, respectively. RCTs concerning acupuncture or acupuncture combined with conventional therapy were identified and a Meta-analysis was conducted on RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nine RCTs involving 632 participants were included. In terms of urodynamic changes, compared with the control group,acupuncture was more effective in improving the residual urine volume[mean difference(MD)=-144.26,95% confidence interval(CI)(-252.15,-36.37),P=0.009]and maximum cystometric capacity[MD=35.69,95%CI(3.15,68.22),P=0.03].However,there were no significant differences between two groups for average daily number of urination[MD=-1.66,95% CI(-3.40,0.07),P=0.06].Concerning total effective rate,acupuncture was more effective than control group[RR=1.24,95%CI(1.11,1.37),P<0.0001].To conclude,compared with the conventional therapy, acupuncture is more effective in improving residual urine volume, maximum cystometric capacity and total effective rate for urinary retention in patients with spinal cord injury.

Therapeutic Observation of Acupoint Injection at Fenglong (ST 40) with Promethazine for Posterior Circulation Ischemic Vertigo Due to Turbid Phlegm Obstructing the Middle / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint injection at Fenglong (ST 40) with Promethazine in treating posterior circulation ischemic vertigo (PCIV) due to turbid phlegm obstructing the middle.Method Sixty-two patients with PCIV due to turbid phlegm obstructing the middle were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 31 cases each. The two groups both received intravenous infusion of Vinpocetine injection, based on which, the treatment group was intervened by injection at Fenglong (ST 40) with Promethazine, while the control group was given gluteal intramuscular injection of Promethazine. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) were observed for the two groups before and after the treatment, and the clinical efficacies were also compared.Result The TCM syndrome and DHI scores were significant changed after the intervention in both groups (P<0.05). After the treatment, the TCM syndrome and DHI scores in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 93.5％ in the treatment group versus 80.6％ in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Injection at Fenglong (ST 40) with Promethazine is an effective method in treating PCIV due to turbid phlegm obstructing the middle.

Losartan inhibits LPS-induced GFAP expression via AMPK activation in mouse hippocampus / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effects of losartan on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression,and to determine whether adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation is involved in the mechanism.METHODS:Adult male KM mice were divided into control group,LPS model group,losartan treatment group,and losartan and Compound C co-treatment group.To establish a model of central nervous system inflammation,the mice received daily intracerebroventricular injection of LPS (24 μg/d) for 2 d.Daily losartan administration (0.5,1 or 5 mg · kg-1 · d-1,ip) initiated at 14 d prior to LPS injection.Compound C (10 mg/kg,ip),a selective AMPK inhibitor,started to be injected daily at 2 d prior to LPS injection.The hippocampal tissues in each group were isolated at 3 d after the last LPS injection,and then the protein levels of GFAP,AMPK,p-AMPK,mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p-mTOR were determined by Western blot.RESULTS:Twice LPS injections significantly increased the expression of GFAP in the hippocampus (P ＜ 0.01).Losartan inhibited LPS-induced GFAP expression in a concentration-dependent way,and losartan at 5 mg· kg-1 · d-1 significantly inhibited GFAP expression and AMPK activation (P ＜ 0.05),but it had no obvious effect on mTOR activation.Furthermore,Compound C significantly reversed the effect of losartan treatment on LPS-induced GFAP expression and AMPK phosphorylation (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:Losartan inhibits LPS-induced GFAP expression in the mouse hippocampus,and AMPK activation but not mTOR,is involved in the mechanism.

A Novel Missense Mutation in Peripheral Myelin Protein-22 Causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy. A great number of causative genes have been described in CMT, and among them, the heterozygous duplication of peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP22) is the major cause. Although the missense mutation in PMP22 is rarely reported, it has been demonstrated to be associated with CMT. This study described a novel missense mutation of PMP22 in a Chinese family with CMT phenotype.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to screen the causative genes in a family featured with an autosomal dominant demyelinating form of CMT. The potential variants identified by targeted NGS were verified by Sanger sequencing and classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standards and guidelines. Further cell transfection studies were performed to characterize the function of the novel variant.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Using targeted NGS, a novel heterozygous missense variant in PMP22 (c.320G>A, p.G107D) was identified. In vitro cell functional studies revealed that mutant PMP22 protein carrying p.G107D mutation lost the ability to reach the plasma membrane, was mainly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, and induced cell apoptosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study supported the notion that missense mutations in PMP22 give rise to a CMT phenotype, possibly through a toxic gain-of-function mechanism.</p>

Advances of bacterial flora in mites parasitizing on animals and human / 中国人兽共患病学报

A large number of bacteria were carried by mites parasitizing on animals and human,which including symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria.Mites were an important transmission media and could spread pathogenic bacteria.A total of 184 literatures were collected from database to analye diversity of bacteria carried by mites.There were about 105 species bacteria were carried by 94 mites.These bacteria belong to 9 phylums,22 orders,40 families and 55 genuses(including 17 pathogen and 20 opportunistic pathogen).In this paper,we reviewed the diversity of mites-associated bacteria,which could offer some data for investigation on the relationship between mites and mites-associate bacteria.

A analysis for cerebrospinal fluid characteristics of suppurative meningitis of newborn and abnormalities manifestation of brain MRI / 中国医学装备

Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestation of suppurative meningitis of newborn, characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the abnormal manifestation of brain MRI. Methods: The clinical documents of 87 newborn with suppurative meningitis were implemented by using retrospective research, and these patients were divided into refractory group (47 cases) and common group (40 cases) according to the ease or difficulty level. And the clinical appearance and radiography characteristics of brain MRI about suppurative meningitis for newborn were analyzed. Results: In the 87 cases, 38 cases (43.68%) were positive in the culture of blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The occurrence rate of convulsions of refractory group was significantly higher than that of common group (x2=-5.187, P<0.05). The differences of glucose concentration, protein concentration and white cell count between the two groups, respectively, were significant (x2=-4.471, x2=-4.433, x2=-5.739, P<0.05). The abnormal rate of brain MRI of refractory group was significantly higher than that of common group (x2=3.227, P<0.05). The hospital stay time of refractory group was significantly longer than that of common group (t=4.815, P<0.05). Conclusion: The newborn with suppurative meningitis more likely becomes refractory suppurative meningitis when the pathogenic bacteria culture of CSF or blood is positive, and the glucose concentration in CSF is reducing and newborn occurs convulsions. The brain MRI of refractory suppurative meningitis often occurs series of abnormal manifestation including of the white matter reducing in the periphery of ventricle, ventricle expansion or cerebral external gap and so on.